Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC) Caribbean History Practice Exam

The introduction of diseases to indigenous populations by European colonizers, particularly the Spanish, had devastating effects on these communities. Among the major diseases that were brought over, smallpox was one of the most catastrophic, as it had a mortality rate that significantly affected the native populations who had no prior exposure or immunity. Measles and various venereal diseases also accompanied the Spanish as they colonized the Americas, leading to widespread illnesses and further population decline.

These diseases, unfamiliar to the indigenous peoples, spread rapidly, often leading to high mortality rates and contributing to the significant demographic changes in the Caribbean and other regions. In contrast, influenza was present in the Old World prior to the Spanish conquests, and stroke is not classified as a communicable disease, so they are not accurate options in this context. Malaria, while a serious disease, was already endemic to some regions and was not specifically introduced by the Spanish during their explorations.

Thus, the correct answer highlights the major communicable diseases that had a profound impact on indigenous populations as a result of contact with European colonizers.